Yalta - City Information
Yalta info
Yalta is most famous Crimean resort city on the north coast of the Black Sea. The city is located on the site of an ancient Greek colony, said to have been founded by Greek sailors who were looking for a safe shore (γιαλός – yalos in Greek) on which to land. It is situated on a deep bay facing south towards the Black Sea, surrounded by wooded mountains. This advantageous geographic situation promotes the formation of the Mediterranean climate in this region of the Crimea. The mountain chine (Nikitsky mountain pasture in the north-east part, Yaltinskaya Chain in the center and the Mohabi Mountain on the west) protects the city from cols nothern winds. Therefore the average temperature in February is +4° C. It is snowing on rare occasion in Yalta and the thin snow lasts only during several hours.
The permanent population of the city counts about 88,000 people. During a holiday season the number of population increases. The main ethnic groups of Yalta are: Russians — 65%, Ukrainians — 25.7%, Crimean Tatars — 4%, Belarusians — 2%. The absolutely predominant language in the streets of the city is Russian.
The term "The Greater Yalta" is used to designate a part of the Crimean southern coast spanning from Foros in the west to Gurzuf in the east and including the city of Yalta and multiple adjacent urban settlements.
The existence of Yalta was first recorded in the 12th century by an Arab geographer, who described it as a Byzantine port and fishing settlement. It became part of a network of Genoese trading colonies on the Crimean coast in the 14th century, when it was known as Etalita or Galita. Crimea was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1475, which made it a semi-independent subject territory under the rule of the Crimean Khanate but the southern coast with Yalta was under direct ottoman rule forming the Eyalet of Kefe (Feodosiya). Yalta was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1783, along with the rest of Crimea, sparking the Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792.
In the 19th century, due to research of the well-known researcher S.Botkin, who discovered the healing power of the local climate, the town became a fashionable resort for the Russian aristocracy and gentry. The town was also closely associated with royalty. In 1889 Tsar Alexander III finished construction of Massandra Palace a short distance to the north of Yalta and Nicholas II built the Livadia Palace south-west of the town in 1911.
Following the Tsar, the court circle, Tsar’s relatives and well-to-do manufacturers started to build summer residences and palaces there. The southern coast started to look better since in addition to splendid buildings, wonderful parks and gardens had been laid out on this land. The rapid development of the city as a popular resort was interrupted by the October revolution of 1917.
After the Soviet Power was finally established in the Crimea, Yalta was given a new name – Krasnoarmeisk. Fortunately it did not get accustomed. Summer residences and palaces had been nationalized and sanatoriums and holidays homes for workers and peasants had been arranged in may of them.’ The Soviet elite also came to Yalta; the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin used the Massandra Palace as his summer residence. he town came to worldwide attention in 1945 when the Yalta Conference between the "Big Three" powers - the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom - was held at the Livadia Palace.
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Yalta has struggled economically. The town's transport links have been significantly reduced with the end of almost all passenger traffic by sea New line Yalta - Novorossiysk (Russia) is operating in July and August. + line Yalta - Sinop (Turkey)). The longest trolleybus line in Europe goes from the train station in Simferopol to Yalta (almost 90 km). Yalta is really overcrowded in high season (July–August) and prices for accommodation are very expensive. Most of the tourists here are from countries of the former Soviet Union. Foreigners (this would be approximately 7% to the total number of tourists visiting Yalta) are mostly from Europe and United States. Yalta has a beautiful embankment along the Black Sea. People can be seen strolling there all seasons of the year, and it also serves as a place to gather and talk, to see and be seen. There are several beaches to the left and right of the embankment. The town has a movie theater, drama theater, plenty of restaurants, and an open-air market. Two beaches in Yalta are Blue Flag beaches since May 2010.
Most famous sights and historical and cultural landmarks of Yalta and the suburbs.
Yalta's Sea Promenade (Naberezhnaya) is the center of all activities. Lenin embankment is the oldest street of Yalta, the heart of the city. Housing many attractions and being recently renovated (2003–2004) it attracts the locals and the holidaymakers to stroll and enjoy the sun as well as drop in numerous shops, open-air cafes and restaurants that line the main strip along the waterfront. Most fashionable Yalta hotels, like "Oreanda" hotels, exquisite restaurants: "Espanyola" fish restaurant, "White lion" restaurant famous of rits European cuisine, "Zolotoe Runo" (The Golden Fleece) restaurant located on the ship, 'Treasure Island" open air restaurant, decorated in a pirate schooner style, "Gourmet" restaurant, "Slavyansky" restaurant and others are situated on Lenin embankment. The buildings of Yalta Central Post Office, International Marine club, the monument to Lenin, a place where informal youth communities like to gather, numerous attractions for children and adults all pull in the public during the day and night time.
The city museums of Yalta are no so rich in the unique exhibits as Feodosiya or Sevastopol , but Yalta citizens can proud of numerous memorial houses, in which the museums of well-known figures are opened present. Some of team are City-Museum of Anton Chekhov, Lesia Ukrainka Museum, The house-Museum of N. Biryukov, a Russian writer, house with Caryatids, where the composer A. Spendiarov lived.
Yalta churches and cathedrals take considerable part of the city architecture . The main Orthodox Cathedral in Yalta, one of the attractions of the city is Cathedral of Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky The cathedral in honor of Russia's Tsar Alexander II was constructed by the architect Krasnov in 1902. A wonderful Armenian Church, situated on the hill with 100 steps stair case leading to it has beautfule decoration, original re;lieves, ornaments and stone “lace”. The recently renewed public wporshop is accompanied by excellent organ music and wonderful singing. Archangel Michael Church, Holy Virgin Church, John Chrysostom Church are just a few of Yalta churches. Popular tourist attraction and a wedding location on the outskirts of Yalta is The Church of Christ's Resurrection or Foros Church. The church overlooking the village of Foros was commissioned by a local landowner to commemorate Alexander III's survival in the Borki train disaster (1888). After the Russian Revolution the church was closed for worshippers, its priest exiled to Siberia and frescoes overpainted. The building was used as a snackbar for tourists until 1969 and stood empty throughout the 1970s and 1980s. It was returned to the Orthodox Church and went through four restoration campaigns under the auspices of Leonid Kuchma.
Park-museum Polyana Skazok (Glade of Fairytales), a unique open-air museum with mote then 300 sculptures of fairy-tale characters 2km from Yalta, Yalta Zoo and Yalta dolphinarium would be favorite entertainment for children.
The holiday makers in Yalta can independently see most bright recreation sights of the southern coast. The Great Yalta is rich in wonderful palaces, ancient parks and architectural monuments. Famous Massandra Palace, located in Massandra settlement, in the north east part of Yalta is the former summer residence of Alexander III and is now a unique architectural monument open for excursions. Massandra is also known to the whole world due to its unique wine yards, produced in the sunny southern coast, The Massandra winery includes some wineries, the best wine –makers of the Crimea work there. At present, in Massandra there is the main plant of the production association producing vintage dessert and strong wines, Many of them were marked with gold medals at the international exhibitions.
Another famous palace in Yalta area is Livadia Palace. It was a summer retreat of the last Russian tsar, Nicholas II, and his family in Livadiya, a suburb of Yalta. The Yalta Conference was held there in 1945, when the palace housed the apartments of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and other members of the American delegation. Today the palace houses a museum, but it is sometimes used by the Ukrainian authorities for international summits.
The Tsar's Path (Russian: Öàðñêàÿ òðîïà) or the Solnechnaya Tropa starts out at the Livadia Palace and runs west to its finish at the Swallow's Nest in nearby Gaspra. The path was built in 1861 by for recreational use by the Russian Tsar Alexander III near his Crimean resort at the Livadia Palace. It was built upon the family doctor's recommendation due to its healing and therapeutic elements that are attributed to the local climate which would help with the family's tuberculosis health problems. The path itself is landscaped with rare and exotic fauna and lined with various sculptures and monuments.
One of the most popular visitor attractions near Yalta is the Swallow's Nest. It is a decorative castle in Neo-Gothic style near Yalta on top of 40-metre (130 ft) high Aurora Cliff.
More about Yalta at Wikipedia
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