Russia - Country Information
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Moscow
Ekaterinburg
Volgograd
Volzhsky
Saratov
Gelendzhik
Sochi
Samara
Novosibirsk
St.Petersburg
Ufa
Penza
Stavropol
Kazan
Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. There are 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia, 40 UNESCO biosphere reserves, 40 national parks and 101 nature reserve. Russia has a wide natural resource base, including major deposits of timber, petroleum, natural gas, coal, ores and other mineral resources. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 143 million people. Ethnic Russians comprise 79.8% of the country's population; however the Russian Federation is also home to several sizeable minorities. In total, 160 different other ethnic groups and indigenous peoples live within its borders, speaking some 100 languages. Russian is the only official state language, but the Constitution gives the individual republics the right to make their native language co-official next to Russian.
Russia has 11 cities with the population of over 1 million people. The biggets cities are Moscow and Saint Petersburg.The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs, who emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America. Following the Russian Revolution, Russia became the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower, that played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the greatest technology achievements of the 20th century, such as the world's first human spaceflight. The Russian Federation was founded following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the Soviet state.
Russia (officially Russian Federation) is a a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. The President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The Russian Federation is fundamentally structured as a multi-party representative democracy, the president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term, Ministries of the government are composed of the Premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Russian Federation is recognized in international law as successor state of the former Soviet Union. Russia has the world's 10th largest economy. It is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
Russia has a market economy with enormous natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas, which account for more than 80% of Russian exports abroad. Russia has the fourth largest area of cultivated land in the world and is the third largest grain exporter. With access to three of the world's oceans—the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific - Russian fishing fleets are a major contributor to the world's fish supply.
The Russian military is divided into the Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force. It is mandatory for all male citizens aged 18–27 to be drafted for a year of service in Armed Forces. Russia has the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons in the world. It has the second largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines and is the only country apart from the U.S. with a modern strategic bomber force.
Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism are Russia's traditional religions, legally a part of Russia's "historical heritage". Russian Orthodoxy is the dominant religion in the country.
UKRAINE: Kiev Sevastopol Poltava Simferopol Nikolaev Odessa Dnepropetrovsk Vinnitsa Chernigov Kirovograd Sumy Krivoy Rog Lugansk Kherson Kharkov Mariupol Donetsk Dneprodzerzhinsk Melitopol Cherkasy Zaporozhye Yalta Kerch Yevpatoria BELARUS: Minsk Vitebsk Mogilev Grodno Gomel KYRGYZSTAN: Bishkek LATVIA: Riga MOLDOVA: Chisinau RUSSIA: Moscow Ekaterinburg Volgograd Volzhsky Saratov Gelendzhik Sochi Samara Novosibirsk St.Petersburg Ufa Penza Stavropol Kazan
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